SA calls for more funding into Autism research
Experts say more research must be done into Autism Spectrum Disorder in developing countries
AS the world commemorates World Autism Day today (2 April), South African associations call for more research on the continent to better understand the prevalence of the condition so health organisations are better placed to assist affected families.
The South African Society of Psychiatrists (SASOP) said that while the condition is found across all countries, ethnic groups and classes, it is ‘affluent’ countries that are better placed to provide early access to screening, treatment and education, allowing them to pave the way for a better quality of life for children and adults affected by Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).
The lack of awareness, trained professionals and support limits this in lower income countries.
ASD affects 1-2% of the global population. In first world countries it is usually diagnosed by the time the child is three years old.
The way a child plays, learns, speaks and behaves are all indicators in diagnosing a child with ASD, which is more prevalent in boys than in girls.
There are no typical biological or physical symptoms of ASD, and so screening and diagnosis is made clinically on the basis of detailed developmental history, behavioural observation, and using specifically designed assessment tools.
‘ASD is recognised by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as a global public health concern, but almost all that we know about it comes from western, high-income countries,’ said SASOP member Dr Wendy Duncan.
‘There is a need for more research in South Africa, Africa and the developing world, to understand the nature and prevalence of autism so a better response can be developed to assist families and communities, guidance be provided to public health policymakers, appropriate diagnostic tools can be developed and resources such as support and education can be provided.’
She said early diagnosis and intervention are key to equipping the child and its family with the skills and resources needed to ensure the best possible quality of life because there is remarkable development that takes place in early childhood.
ASD includes ‘classic’ autism, Asperger syndrome and pervasive developmental disorder not specified.
Red flags include little to no interest in others, difficulty in social interaction, distress caused by changes in routine or environment, gross or fine motor skill development that does not match developmental milestones, and non-typical development of speech and language.
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